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buy custom A Definition for Business Ethics essay Business ethics refers to the set of values upheld by the entity, which assist in the identification of the organization with and without the organization. Ethics define how insiders and outsiders of an organization view the organization in their own perspective. These values can either be in a broad sense or stricter sense. The broad sense of business ethics focuses on the structure and practice in the attempt to establish whether they are acceptable. On the other hand, the stricter sense focuses on the values expressing the vision, commitment and moral identity. Business ethics as a concept is observed in the attempt to avoid three main things. First, a business organization carries ethical practices to avoid breaking civil and criminal law in their business undertaking. Second, business entities find it expensive to handle legal actions against them and hence, resolve to practice business ethics to avoid them.Lastly, a business image in the eyes of the society and government is immensely vital for its success and support, therefore, they practice business ethics to enhance their image. There are three broad approaches to business ethics through which business organizations apply in developing their ethical practices. These approaches based on profit, law and the moral obligation. These approaches have their own advantages and setbacks. None of these three approaches can be said to be superior and hence, it is usually the obligation of individual, business organizations choose at it own convenient. The profit approach to business ethics arises from the assumption that ethical practices assist in generating profits. There are usually two versions to the profit including the weak and the strong version. The weak version argues that excellent business ethics results into moral, business practices which are profitable. For example, an excellent employee dealing helps in terms of remunerations and working conditions improve their efficiency and hence the organization is likely to enjoy high profits. This approach is only applicable in the long run of the business operations and hence, not appropriate for short term business dealing. On the other hand, some moral dealings such as employee retention may not be profitable at all to the organization. This is particularly true when such employees turn old and unproductive or have developed disability and cannotfunction well. Such practices are economically ineffective. The strong version of the profit approach states that a competitive and free market helps in ensuring that business enterprises undertake moral practices. In this case, consumers and the labor providers are free to identify the most ethical entity to purchase and work from respectively. If workers and consumers demand excellent working conditions and quality products, the organization in the free and competitive market will strive to provide the same.Business entities which do not adhere to these demands will only strive to survive and eventually may close down their business. This approach is immensely strong since business organizations are obliged by circumstances in the market which they cannot control on their own. The profit approaches to business ethics have various setbacks. First, the economic interference of the government undermines the principle of free and competitive market. On the other hand, some consumers will prefer weak or inferior products provided in that they are cheap. In this case, some business entities may end up producing such inferior goods, which is ethically wrong. It is, therefore, clear that the profit driven approach of ethics is not applicable in all situations. The second business ethics approach bases its argument from the legal obligations. In this case, business organizations strive to avoid litigation processes as a result of harassment, reckless or breach of duty of care.This approach states that any other obligation not stated as a legal requirement is optional. Such obligations become contentious and hence there are disagreements concerning them. It is, therefore, very difficult to undertake such obligations and hence, it is not an organizational obligation to fulfill them. Some of the business ethics legal requirements intertwine with external moral requirement in the society. For example, the Muslim business world prohibits the concept of sleeping partner claiming that they enjoy gains of which they never made contributions. On the other hand, they are prohibited from earning interest from loans meant for humanitarian relief. The Chinese and the Confucians societies uphold respect to elders in their business undertakings. In these two cases, the law of the nation with these practices is not the supreme guide to business ethics; such external forces strongly influence entities. In the western countries particularly, the society is pluralistic and hence, the business cconduct code clearly exists in the law provisions and controlled by the national social group. There is the unified code of business ethics including fair advertisement, product safety and fair, human resource practices.On the other hand, the subgroups carry out their obligations depending on their beliefs and values. Those business organizations not affiliated in any subgroup take the obligation of the society where they operate, as guided by law. Entities which move beyond the law obligation in their business ethics, undertake practices or assume corporate codes, which are optional. For example, an organization resolves to pay its employees much higher than the legal minimum remuneration. Some will undertake their business in such a way that they improve the peoples way of life in the society. The legal business ethics approach has its own setbacks. First, it restricts the moral obligation of some corporation only to the legal provisions; therefore, it is hard to criticize unscrupulous business practices which are legal. Secondly, this approach would be effective in countries with strong legal provisions and systems; therefore, it is not effective in countries where the legal systems and practices are poor. The third business ethics approach is the general moral obligations which derive its principles from both the legal and profit approaches. In this approach, there are principles which are unevenly acceptable and no business organization or group of people can reject them on any grounds. These principles include the harm, fairness, human right, autonomy and veracity principle.These principles are exceptionally general as they do not specify what can qualify to be harmful, unfair or against human rights. The set back of this approach to business ethics is that they are complex to apply in abstract situations. In conclusion, business ethics is a complex issues, but immensely important for the entity, employees, customer and the government among any other individuals with an interest in the organization and its operations. It is clear that there is no perfect approach to the business ethics as demonstrated in this paper. Business organization should embrace the approach which best fits to the most if not all the stakeholder to ensure that it enjoys the optimal benefits of these practices. Business ethics practices should not be static in nature; there should be a room to adjust them as the society, technology, law and economy among others changes. 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Outline the main problems with the biological approach to crime and Essay

Outline the main problems with the biological approach to crime and criminality - Essay Example (1) The main theme of Demonic perspective is that crime was caused largely by demonic influence. Although the â€Å"devil made me do it† is certainly an explanation of criminal behavior, it is not a scientific theory. Supernatural forces cannot be observed, and the demonic perspective (like our â€Å"little green creature† example) is therefore not testable. Toward the end of the 1700s, the demonic perspective was challenged by a group of philosophers who came to be called classical school criminologists. (1) Classical school believed that God instilled in humans the capacity to exercise free will and the ability to choose a course of behavior through reason. Several scholars — chief among them Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham — used this general platform to argue for legal reform. In doing so, these penal reformers also articulated a scientific Theory of criminal behavior. Classical school theory dominated criminological thought into the late 1800s, until it was challenged by a new group of theorists. The influence of the classical school of criminology began to wane in the late 1800s. One reason for this decline was that changes in the legal system based on classical theory failed to reduce crime (i.e., crime rates continued to increase).43 More importantly, the underlying assumption of the classical school—that behavior was the result of rational calculation — was criticized for being too simplistic. Throughout the 1700s, scientists such as Galileo and Newton made great discoveries about the workings of the physical world. These demonstrations of cause-and-effect relationships were made through careful observation and analysis of natural events. It was not long before scholars applied this scientific method beyond the physical world to the social world. Auguste Compte, the 19th century scientist considered the â€Å"father of sociology,† argued that human behavior was

Explore one persons relationship with a public space Essay

Explore one persons relationship with a public space - Essay Example He attends the national stadium at least once every weekend as part of his leisure activities. The national stadium is a place where crowds of people frequent especially when there are national matches during the sports season. To conduct an interview with Mr. Williamson, I started by creating a rapport with him. After identifying him, I approached him and after a short familiarization, I talked him about the purpose of my interview. I assured him that the interview was meant only for learning purpose and not for any other malicious reason. It is after this assurance that he expressed his willingness to answer my question. The main purpose of my interview was to investigate Mr. Williamson’s relationship with the public space. I intended to know the extent to which he associated with this physical space and the role this adventure played in his life. To obtain more information, I preferred to use open-ended question to give him the freedom give the interview a direction. I leant that the national stadium is one place that he visits more frequent than all other places. For the last years, he had not failed to visit this place for at least once on a weekend. He had strong connection for this place and he expressed that he did not have any plans to stop attending the place. One of the reasons why Williamson likes to visit this place is because he is a strong fan of football. I learnt that football is one Williamson’s favorite hobby and since the stadium offers an opportunity for him to have a live view of the national team playing, he finds it an exciting place to visit. Therefore, his visit there is part of fulfilling his hobby. Williamson’s desire for football started a long time ago when he was still a small child. He described the moments that he spent playing football and his participation in the school team. In the previous company that he had worked, they had a football team and he was one of the

Luxurymarket in china Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Luxurymarket in china - Dissertation Example After testing the relationship between independent variables (i.e. â€Å"CSR†, â€Å"CA†, and â€Å"CSR + CA†) will significantly affect the dependent variables (i.e. â€Å"willingness to purchase† and â€Å"willingness to pay a premium price†), the research findings show that only CA can directly affect the Chinese consumers’ willingness to purchase and willingness to pay a premium price for luxury clothing brands in China. Since the Chinese consumers expect luxury fashion clothing brands exert an effort to become socially responsible, this study highly recommends that the luxury clothing companies should develop and implement a â€Å"high-fit, proactive initiatives† in order to strengthen their corporate and brand image, increase the customers’ brand loyalty, build a stronger relationship with the community members, establish trust among the public consumers, and increase the overall satisfaction of the customers. Table of Con tents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. 3 1. ... ............................................. 6 1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Hypotheses ................................................................................. 7 1.5 Proposed Theoretical Framework .............................................................. 7 1.6 Assumptions .............................................................................................. 8 1.7 Rationale for Selecting the Research Topic ............................................... 8 1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study ........................................................... 9 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Basic Information about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ............. 10 2.2 Impact of CSR Initiatives on Consumer Behaviour, Intention to Purchase, and Intention to Pay a Premium Price for Luxury Items ........... 12 2.3 Conditions that will make CSR Initiatives Create a Positive Impact on Consumers’ Purchasing Behaviour .............................................................. 16 2.4 CSR Initiatives of Well-Known Luxury Clothing Brands ......................... 19 2.5 Chinese Consumers’ Perception on CSR Initiatives .................................. 20 3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................. 21 3.1 Research Methodology .............................................................................. 21 3.2 Population and Sample Size ...................................................................... 22 3.3 Research Analysis

KBR Leadership Essay

KBR Leadership Essay Leadership and the leadership style used by the company and its relationship with the leadership theories: Leadership style in given organization is quite simple, open and goal focusing. Targets are given to functional and cross functional teams managed by team leaders, in team works every one has right to participate in decision making process, every team member can explain his opinion openly. Leader of the teams are expertise of their fields they better know how to overcome different problems. Leaders in this organization are responsible to maintain discipline, ethic and integrity in team and team work. Most of responsibilities are on the shoulders of leaders. Power distance is quite low in this organization as every one works for common goal, it is not difficult to communicate to leaders or seniors of the teams as vertical communication is open and honest, team members have good level of contact with their leaders and leaders are easily approachable. Leaders in this organization are used to of motivating their team members by trusting in them and expecting right job from them. Most of things are clear to team members as leaders dont hide things from them and try t o keep transparency in operations. Leaders expand the description of jobs by giving team members a variety in tasks and usually jobs are open ended. This style of leadership let the personnel progress and gives freedom for decisions making. Relationship with leader ship theories: Leadership in this organization includes a part of Fiedlerss leadership contingency theory (1960s) least preferred co-worker scale and situational control, in which leadership style is measured between task motivated leadership and relationship motivated leadership, leadership style of given organization is in between as it is target oriented and relationship motivating as well. In relation to situational control leaders in this organization are well aware of outcomes of their team members actions and decisions. Leadership in KBR is also near to Houses path-goal leadership theory which focuses on four leadership behaviours directive leadership, achievement -oriented leadership, supportive leadership and participative leadership. as path-goal theory says that key function in leadership is to adjust yourself according to situation in KBR leadership is more flexible, have a lot of experience and are more responsible so KBR is quite near to this theory and supportive leadership that focuses on developing good relations with subordinates and friendly work climate, in KBR leaders motivate the team members and seniors are approachable and other things discussed above made leadership in KBR quite supportive. KBRs leadership also follows the achievement -oriented leadership which emphasize on setting targets for subordinates and showing confidence in personnels abilities. In KBR leaders after assigning tasks to their team members expect right job from them it makes KBRs leadership achievement oriented. In participative leadership behaviour of leader is to involve subordinates in decision making and in KBR it provides bases to leadership. Transformational approach of leadership is also quite near to KBRs leadership as followers in KBR are motivated to go beyond job description and work for common good. Source of organizations culture and its implication on the workforce and organization performances: Morris W Kellogg is the saga of the company, means that he started the story of KBR and his story provides a lesson to whole organization members and gives foundations to culture of organization. Management philosophy of organization is based on commitment to health and safety and discipline. Individuals in organization have open and honest relationships there is good communication between all levels of management, in relationships mutual respect is always there. Most of things are transparent before everyone in organization, at all levels individuals are responsible but top management has more responsibilities Organization struggling to sustain integrity and specialization. work is divided among different specialized teams individuals at all levels have freedom of decision making and providing opportunities to grow to staff are is part of organizations culture. Organization always attracts talented graduates and specialized people as specialization is a part of organization culture. Organizations culture emphasis on going beyond customer‘s expectations. Organization delivers quality services to its customers. Organizations staff lives near the project location to better understand the situation. Organization works to innovate new things to expand its divisions and operations. Organizations culture causes a good relationship among whole work force. It makes the workforce to struggle for specialization and integrity. It causes exploring new things. whole work force has to obey the discipline and ethics. Communication among force needs to retain the mutual respect factor. Organizations culture is best fit for its operations, it helps to give maximum performance and achieve organizational goals. Culture of organization helps in continuous improvement, integrity and specialization. It provides motivation to individuals. Organizations culture moves the organization towards functional structure to get maximum integrity. Explore how the culture of the organization has impact on both the leadership and the organization structure of organization? Organizations culture plays an important role in providing bases to leadership. The leaders in organization takes the culture along and transfer it to subordinates major things in leadership which are from culture are integrity ,specialization, development of good relationship, work for crossing the customers expectations. Given above characteristics impact leadership style it makes leadership more cooperative. Leadership in KBR also opens door for innovation which is one of basics of firms culture. Transparency factor of culture makes the leaders to discuss things with subordinates openly, innovation factor of culture makes the leaders to let the subordinates go beyond their job description. For specialization leaders must be expertise of their fields. Element of honesty prevent leaders form politics. Element of the relationship building makes the leaders work with teams. Many things of culture also have affect on structure of company as honest relation and mutual respect and communication all these things give dimensions of low power difference, small hierarchy and flat structure to organization. Factor of specialization has divided the firm in many business units to bring maximum quality and specialization Need of specialization causes the organization to develop a set up to attract talented graduates, expertise towards the company. To create this attraction organization gives opportunities to personal progress and freedom of decision making and goo reward system specialization also divides the organization further business units. Due to specialization organization is gradually moving towards matrix structure which is more expensive and complicated but is necessary to meet the organizational and cultural needs Shareholder and employee benefits make the organization to give employees opportunities to grow and make profits for share holders. Relationship element of organization divides the management in few layers to built strong relationships The issue of motivation theories the motivational policies used in the case and its impact on individual and organization performances: KBR has developed a motivating culture for its personnel, there is a small distance between the upper management and the lower management, vertical and horizontal communication is not complicated ideas can be shared, team leaders always there to motivate and help their team members, most of things are transparent before employees as they are trusted by their seniors all these things motivate them and make them feel that they are part of organization besides this jobs has been designed to motivate the personnel, they have freedom to make decision and they can identify and solve the problems by their own judgment, challenging goals are give to staff member according to their specialization which motivate them to make difference there is a strong relationship between senior management and the subordinates, all above elements motivate the staff and make them feel that they are like a family and have power and freedom to some extend they know that their actions can influence the organizat ion, in future they have many opportunities to prosper on the bases of their work and there is no typical strict boss on them. Motivated staff ultimately leads the organization towards efficiency and success. As jobs do not have strict boundaries so there are more chances of exploring new things that enables the firm to have new ideas. Organizations motivating strategy develop loyalty in employees and it also attract talented graduates towards the organization as they see opportunity to grow and talented staff plays an important role in organizations achievements. Motivation strategy of this company follows rules described in Alderfers ERG theory which focuses on existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs and it also follows the acquired needs theory which emphasize on achievement , affiliation and power needs. And KBR has opportunities to grow, strong relationship with employees and challenging jobs to make achievements all these things bring firm near to these theories. KBRs strategy is also near to two-factor theory of Fredrick Herzberg. this theory shows certain factors which play an important part in motivating and providing job satisfaction to employees these factors are given below in diagram, according to this diagram KBR has most of job satisfying factors in its strategy. (Organizational behaviour Schermerhhorn, Hunt, Osborn, seventh edition, 2000, page: 114) The nature of team, its structure and how it has impact on organization performances: KBRS management structure is flat and has few layers of management organization has adapted functional structure for its project in which teams work under specialists leadership and all members struggle for common goal as all are accountable for it. In teams all members have good relationship with each other mutual respect is always there every team member has god level of contact with seniors all members have efficient communication skills role of every team member is clearly described and he also has a freedom to some extent. All key tasks are given description team members need to be flexible teams are ready to accept any challenging task all teams working for same project have interaction with each other and work together to satisfy customer by delivering services beyond expectation. this structure of is according to day- to -day business needs of organization. Now company is gradually moving towards matrix structure in which cross functional teams consist on expertise from different functional departments utilize maximum of their skills to achieve organizational goals. KBRs structure helps it to achieve perfection in services as specialists teams work on projects assure quality and helps to sustain quality this functional structure also help the organization to meet its day to day requirements. Team work gives guarantees clear performance objective and enhances creativity in organization that plays an important role in going beyond expectations Cross functional teams bring an increase in work speed, provide broader information and struggle to sustain integration. All these things cause a perfection in lesser time that take the firm towards customer satisfaction. How effective do you think company approach to people management will be in ensuring improved results and enhancing the change management process? KBR has developed its structure to deliver services efficiently to its customers in all conditions, this structure also enables to work for the benefit of its shareholder, employees and communities the organization serve. In KBR the chain of command is small there are not many layers in hierarchy of management span of control is larger in this organization. A few layers cause a decrease in distance between upper management and lower management, individuals are not answerable to many bosses. Staff at upper management level has more responsibilities individual at upper level are expertise of their fields company also hire fresh graduates in its lower management and training is given to them so a new person can be a part if this organization at any level but new staff member has to show performance in 12 months probationary period .All individuals in KBR are given a degree of freedom to make decision. Every single post has an opportunity to progress and prosper personally. Jobs are desi gned to continue the learning process and exploring new things. Because of few management layers it is easy for upper management to control the subordinates as they can directly contact them and they can be informed with the staff problems and it also cause a motivation in staff as they can easily approach their seniors. This structure also help in unity of command besides this a few layers of management cause a decrease in cost and time. In horizontal structure organization is a functional and matrix organization and this structure leads towards clear targets and specialization. All individual selected for the organization have quality of adaptability so any change can be easily adapted. Because of few layers in management it is easy to bring a change. As company is changing towards matrix structure which is quite near to functional structure so it is easily acceptable. Problems caused by change can easily be known to upper management and can be solved and all conflicts can be removed. Explore the way individual and organization behaves liking this with relevant theory that you are familiar with how would this impact on any the organizations change process: Individuals in KBR are flexible, technically competent they use their own judgment in understanding the things and the have good interpersonal skills. Employees in KBR expect growth and reward for their work. All these traits bring KBR,s staff near to following theories. Self monitoring: According that individuals have ability to adjust their behaviour according to situation. Maglino and associates: this theory focuses on four points. Achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty and fairness (Schermerhhorn, Hunt, Osborn, seventh edition, page: 72) Varooms expectancy theory: According to this theory motivated staff believes that effort will yield acceptable performance performance will be rewarded the value of reward is highly positive Companys first priority is to satisfy the customer and after for that company focuses on financial responsibility, accountability and discipline there is no compromise on health and safety. Organization also focuses on ethics and integrity. Company struggles for continuous improvement and grow globally company has been opening new business units and innovating new things. Organization trust in its staff and right job is expected from them. Companys behaviour has relevance with following theories. High performance management theory covers all characteristics of KBR. Core points are given below Total quality management: total commitment to high quality results continuous improvement and meeting customer needs. Empowerment: allow individuals to make decisions that affect them or their work. Intellectual capital: total knowledge, expertise and energy available from organization members. Employee involvement Integration Organizations and individuals behaviour has a positive impact on the change process as the given above characteristics shows that individuals and organization is ready to accept change and this change is also a part of continuous improvement so flexibility adaptability continuous improvement struggle for high quality integrity all these things enables organization and individuals to accept and implement the change. Explain how the company has managed it change process and how it has benefited from this management process: Company implemented planed change strategy, in planed change organization followed the rational persuasion process in company used facts, special knowledge and rational arrangement to create change. Companys management system helped the company to implement the change as companys management ensures flexibility adaptability and because the management process is simple that is why it is easy to implement a change, few layers of management help to minimize the change cost and time it also decrease the probability of resistance to change. Firm is already working for specialization and integration and change will assist the firm in it. As management system gives reasons to change, the quality information, security, retention of power, good resources and good timing all these things makes the organization to accept the change Recommendations for future improvement: Let individuals clearer what exactly need to do to get desired reward Shift few more responsibilities on the shoulders of subordinates and more specify their jobs. Create a sense of urgency For teams facts and information should be given on regular bases Discuss companys high performance standards with staff Provide a variety in rewarding Let the individuals know how well they are working Make a real understanding of what firm stands for Make a good understand sense of informal rules and expectations so individual understand what is exactly expected of them Create a warmer interpersonal environment between upper management and lower management Staff at lower level must given performance feed back on regular bases Involve more subordinates in managerial decision making Link the team results to organizational outcomes Evaluate team and each individual members performance Make the culture more strong with rites, symbols and rituals Let the staff develop their own view how to develop tow ards organizational goals Increase decentralization, participation and create more decrease in rigidity Subordinates should be informed about the coming fears Conclusion: KBR is a big company rapidly growing globally. The company is enhancing its operations efficiently and quickly, business is divided in sub business units company is continually increasing its business units, company is conducting business by keeping its culture along. Structure of the organization is flat there are quite few layers in management which make management process easier, horizontal structure of organization is functional now firm is moving toward matrix structure. leadership of organization is motivating and communication between all levels of organization is quit easy. Most of responsibilities are on the shoulders of senior management .Senior management must has an understanding with the following areas of responsibility Provide strategic and operational leadership Develop and motivate others Be approachable and open to ideas Display honesty and integrity Individuals at all levels have freedom to make decisions and at all levels opportunities to grow are given, a new mem ber can enter in firm at any level. Every new person must have following traits Technical competence Strong oral and written communication Relationship building and team work Planning and organizational skills Adaptability Policies of organization attract talented graduates and specialists

Thailand Essay -- Information History Culture Customs Papers

Thailand The topic that I will be discussing is Thai culture. In this, it will include areas that influence this culture. First, I will give you the geographical information of the country of Thailand. The second area that I will look at will be language. Language is an extremely important part of culture and some say that one cannot be found without the other. After that I will inform you about customs, traditions and taboos in Thai culture. This is a very important part of culture and is what shows the differences between cultures. Then I briefly tell you about the government and some national symbols, such as the flag, the symbol, colors, anthem, dress, and national day. Next, I will explain about religion in Thailand. In most cultures there is religion, but in Thailand it is interwoven into its whole culture and it is hard to separate the two. One other thing that I will include in this paper is a link to a page with pictures from my trip to Thailand. National Standards for Geography I believe that I applied six out of the eighteen National Standards to this paper. The first two standards were under a section called "Seeking the World in Spatial Terms." When you look under this, the first I used was "knows and understands how to use maps, globes and other graphical tools to acquire, process and report information." The second standard was "Uses mental maps to give spatial perspective to the world." Then the second section is called "Places and Region." Under this section it says "Knows and understands the physical and human characteristics of places." The next section is called "physical systems" and I used only one standard in this one. This standard says that one "Knows and understands that physical pro... ...c.th/thai/thai.html (9 Apr 1999) 5. Ronnakiat, Nantana. "The Thai Writing System." Apr 5, 1997 http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/thaiwrt.html (9 Apr 1999) 6. National Identity Office Under the Prime Minister, Royal Thai Government. "Thailand at a Glance." 28 February 1997 http://www.mahidol.ac.th/thailand/glance-thai/thailand.html (11 Apr 1999) 7. Tourism Authority of Thailand. "Environment" Welcome to the Land of Smiles. 1997. http://www.tat.or.th/about/index.html (9 Apr 1999) 8. Tourism Authority of Thailand. "Religion." Welcome to the Land of Smiles. 1997. http://www.tat.or.th/about/religion.html (9 Apr 1999) 9. Vongvipanond, Peansiri. "Linguistic Perspectives of Thai Culture." Thai Culture in Language. 11/11/98 http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/thai/peasiri.thml (9 Apr 1999) to Lesson Plans and Research Papers 1999

Life Is Too Easy for People Essay

That depends entirely on the young person, some are very challenged and some are not and the way this affects them varies from individual to individual. No doubt some, through no fault of their own are very understimulated and could achieve more with a bit more pressure, some are also overstimulated and might achieve more if the entire world backed off and left them alone for a little bit. Take for example the young person in the UK who wants to go to university – their path is pretty much mapped out and loans are guaranteed. They can have a pretty easy time of it all the way up to graduation and get by (if they choose) without ever being really stretched in life (although if they leave Chipping Sodbury Technical College with a third class degree in wine tasting and a 50k debt it will catch up with them pretty rapidly). On the other side of things take the young person who wants to learn a trade, buy a house and raise a family. Apprenticeships are hard to come by and do not offer a living wage while starter house prices in many areas stand at fifteen years of tradesman’s wages before tax. This is not an easy start in life by anyone’s estimation. The only thing for certain is that our current state of affairs was largely influenced by the economic and social policies of our forebears which leaves me a little unsure who has the right to moan about the situation even if young people do, broadly speaking, have an easier time nowadays.

Kyoto Treaty on Global Climate essays

Kyoto Treaty on Global Climate essays During a United Nations conference of parties on December of 1997 in Kyoto Japan, the United Nations had a convention on climate change. In the convention the United Nations proposed a solution to the threat of climate change leading into an arrangement known as the Kyoto Treaty or Protocol on Global Climate Change. The Kyoto Treaty or Protocols aim is to combat the global warming by limiting emission Greenhouse gasses, Carbon dioxide CO2, Methane, Sox nitrous oxide NoX, hydorflourocarbon, perflourocarbon, and sulfur hexafluoride to 5-7% below the 1990 levels, the UN hopes to reach this aim during the period of 2008-2010. The Kyoto treaty or protocol is an extension of the Montreal Protocol which is a landmark international agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. The treaty was originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992. The Montreal Protocol requires that the production and consumption of compounds that eat up the ozone layer in the atmosphere chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are to be regulated out by 2000. So far about 168 nations have signed the treaty including 130 developed nations but not China nor India. Climate change and its causes: these gasses, supporters say, are the main contributors to global warming that, if unchecked, will lead to such dire results as more severe flooding, catastrophic raises in sea level and the northern shift of agricultural production.(Pope Charles). Global Warming has caused that an about 5500 square kilometer piece of glacier from west Antarctica broke off on march 11 2002 along with the Antarctic Peninsula which lost about 3250 square kilometers of ice. "Such warming is not universal across Antarctica - on average the coastal regions about Antarctica are warming - and that trend is very strong in the Peninsula region. However continued warming and the progression southwards of ...

Shall we Dance essays

Shall we Dance essays Shall we Dansu, directed and written by Masayuki Suo, has a subtle artistic appeal to any viewer. The film hints at an even greater dilemma in life that relates to the audience. When we have it all, the car, the house, 2.5 children will it be enough? Mr. Sugiyama is a forty-something who goes to sit at a desk and work in an office building and then goes home to his wife and daughter. As he commutes home the train stops at a station and when he looks up, Sugiyama sees a lovely young woman looking out the window of a dance school. Every time the train stops at that station, there she is. So one day he gets off the train and goes up to the dance studio where he signs up for lessons. In this movie the visual symbols convey more or just as much as the actual conversations held between characters. The lighting and the body language are the two most effective visual symbols used to bring the viewer into the plot. At the start of the movie everything is dull and dark nothing is bright with the exception of the street signs. This cold gray overcast lets it be known that Mr. Sugiyama is depressed and unhappy with his life. Almost every scene before he starts his dance lessons contain very calming colors such as whites, blacks, blues, grays. You feel the unhappiness and despair. Then on the train he looks up and sees this dance studio glowing with warm light. This is the answer to his depression. Once he starts the lessons every time he is at the studio warm colors are present. The colors help to communicate emotion. Hot or warm colors express excitement, intensity, urgency, passion, heat, love, excitement, and strength. All of which Mr. Sugiyama feels when he dances. Cool colors express dignity, power, melancholy, heaviness, trust, reliability, sophistication, death, rebellion, and emptiness. All of which he feels before he starts dance lessons. Mia Kishikawa is the object of his affection, but we soon learn that she has her own proble...

Visual analysis of symbol Ferrari(Based on Arnheim's concept) Essay

Visual analysis of symbol Ferrari(Based on Arnheim's concept) - Essay Example The film while on the process is nothing but a portrayal of the things that might have happened or will happen but not the actual. The film on the other hand, no matter how we say is just a portrayal of the real and not the actual is patronized by the audience in a way that they relate the things happening in the movie to real life. Arnheim relates this idea to Gestalt psychology which in simple words refers to looking at the whole rather than its parts. In the book by J. Dudley Andrews entitled Major Film Theories, Arnheim's idea on looking at the table as an unchanging rectangular table no matter how the eyes go near it is an example of the view as a whole. He said that a person as he looks at the table at one side or at another distance does not make the table's image change. It will still be the same rectangular table in the mind of the viewer. Instead of looking at it as a trapezoidal item as the position of the viewer changes, the form stays the same. That is because the person sees it as a whole and not of a specific angle or position. Understanding these things also need a clarification of the most important view that Arnheim used in the book Art and Visual Perception. He raised the point that in order for an art to be recognized as a material that is not a limited raw material, it should achieve a general pattern coherent to nature. He said that equilibrium must be achieved between the artist's ideas and the stimuli of the world. The query is not on the understandability of the object but on how the ideas can be related to people and the surrounding elements. He also warned that artists may create ambiguity once this general pattern is not achieved. In short, the possibility to attain vagueness is just at hand once there is no balance between the relevant elements of the world and the artist's ideas. Through this so called pattern, it is not hard to connect the ideas in the accepted reality to that of the artist. Motifs like rising and falling, dominance and submission, weakness and strength, harmony and discord, struggle and conformance, underlie all existence. We find them within our own mind and in our relations with other people, in the human community and in the events of nature. Perception and expression fulfills its spiritual mission only if we experience in it more than the resonance of our own feelings. It permits us to realize that the forces stirring in ourselves are only individual examples of the same forces acting throughout the universe (Art and Visual Perception, p. 434). All these ideas mentioned are present and can be seen with the Ferrari logo. The Prancing black stallion that gestures and introduces the famous name of the Italian car manufacturer in Maranello and Modena Italy is not seen as a standalone stallion, or even a yellow-filled horse symbolizing the country through the three colors green, white, and red. It represents Ferrari. The symbols mixed together create oneness through the meaning when people would utter "Ah Ferrari!" The question is not what the Stallion stands for or why there are three colors and so on. Anyone can say that Stallion is for racing and the three colors stand for the Italian flag or it can also be of another meaning. The emphasis is on the general pattern that it

IAS 17- LEASES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IAS 17- LEASES - Essay Example Recognizing this need for a proper accounting of lease financing transactions the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has issued IAS 17 in respect of the leasing and financial instruments in the year 1982. It is observed that in spite of the changes that these standards propose to bring about the companies are still able to resort to Off Balance Sheet Financing which vitiates the objectives of the standards introduced by IASB. This paper presents a detailed review of the effectiveness of IAS 17 in achieving its objectives and comments on the new standards proposed to be issued in this respect. "A finance lease should be reflected in the balance sheet of a lessee by recording an asset and a liability at amounts equal at the inception of the lease to the fair value of the leased asset net of grants and tax credits receivable by the lessor; if lower at the present value of the minimum lease payments." (Khan, 2007) The lessee should be appropriated between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. A finance lease involves the accounting of the depreciation charge for the leased asset as well as the financing charge for the relevant accounting period. In respect of the operating lease the rental expenses for the accounting period shall be charged to income. The charge to income should be recognized on a systematic basis which represents the time pattern of the benefits for the user. The amount of the assets that are subject to finance lease should be disclosed at the values as at the balance sheet date. Liabilities relating to the leased asset should be disclosed separately from other liabilities. The liabilities are to be differentiated between the current and long term portions. The lessee's commitment for minimum lease payments under finance lease or non-cancellable operating lease having tenure of more than a year should be disclosed in summary form. This disclosure should specify the amounts and periods in which payments would become due. The accounting statements should also specifically disclose any significant financing restrictions or other conditions attached to the leases. Accounting and Disclosure under IAS 17 by Lessor An asset held by the lessor under finance lease should not be disclosed in the balance sheet as property, plant and equipment. Alternatively the asset item should be shown as receivable at value that equals the net investment in the lease. The recognition of finance income on the lease should be calculated using any specific pattern that reflects a constant periodic rate of return. This rate of return should be based on either the net investment outstanding or the net cash investment outstanding in respect of the particular lease under consideration. There is no specific method prescribed for estimating the value or the net return. Rental income on the lease should be recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the lease unless the lessor finds any other systematic basis that is more representative of the time pattern contained in the lease contract concerning the earning process. The main